The traditional mosaic materials used are natural stone, smalt, ceramic and metal. This arsenal has relatively recently been supplemented by porcelain stoneware. Nevertheless, smalt remains the main material in the creation of classical decorative panels of architecture, primarily interiors. Glass and ceramics are the most popular due to their durability and a number of other technical characteristics, availability, and finally – artistic potential: a variety of colouristic solutions, relative ease of processing, a wide range of modular parameters – in terms of sizes and configurations. Stone is mainly used to create floor compositions; metal – to expand the expressive means of mosaic works; porcelain stoneware – for facade works, for the formation of pavements, park paths and floors of public buildings.

Due to the sum of functional and aesthetic properties of this material, resistance to various weather conditions, heat and frost resistance, low coefficient of water absorption, resistance to mechanical effects, aggressive and bio-mediated, light resistance, along with a variety of gamma and other advantages, it finds wide use and durability of which are conditioned by the above factors: in various garden and park, water structures, in the design of fireplaces and cookers.

Mosaics of smalt and other types of decorative glass, in addition to monumental forms and elements of architecture; already mentioned panels, various friezes and other inclusions, is also used in independent applied areas of fine art, in ornamental and conceptual compositions. Its artistic possibilities are great: it allows you to create a decoration of a simple drawing in the form of a pattern, any arbitrary composition.